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Q: The presence of which of the following is a reason for temporary hardness of water?
  • A. Chlorides
  • B. Carbonates
  • C. Nitrates
  • D. Sulphates
Correct Answer: Option B - Hardness– It is defined as the quality of water which is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium; sulphates, chlorides and nitrates of calcium and magnesium. Temporary Hardness–The presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium in water is known as temporary hardness. It is also known as carbonate hardness. Temporary Hardness may be removed by boiling and by adding lime. Permanent Hardness–The presence of sulphates, chlorides and nitrates of calcium and magnesium in water is known as permanent hardness. Permanent hardness can be removed by Lime-Soda process, Zeolite process and demineralisation process.
B. Hardness– It is defined as the quality of water which is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium; sulphates, chlorides and nitrates of calcium and magnesium. Temporary Hardness–The presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium in water is known as temporary hardness. It is also known as carbonate hardness. Temporary Hardness may be removed by boiling and by adding lime. Permanent Hardness–The presence of sulphates, chlorides and nitrates of calcium and magnesium in water is known as permanent hardness. Permanent hardness can be removed by Lime-Soda process, Zeolite process and demineralisation process.

Explanations:

Hardness– It is defined as the quality of water which is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium; sulphates, chlorides and nitrates of calcium and magnesium. Temporary Hardness–The presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium in water is known as temporary hardness. It is also known as carbonate hardness. Temporary Hardness may be removed by boiling and by adding lime. Permanent Hardness–The presence of sulphates, chlorides and nitrates of calcium and magnesium in water is known as permanent hardness. Permanent hardness can be removed by Lime-Soda process, Zeolite process and demineralisation process.